) However, the available methods remain limited when it comes to studying this subcellular distribution of channels. Furthermore, for the first time we have demonstrated that it is possible to record ion channels from very small cells, such as sperm cells, under physiological conditions as well as record from cellular microstructures such as submicron neuronal processes. The utility of this technique is demonstrated by obtaining ion channel recordings from the top of epithelial microvilli and openings of cardiomyocyte T-tubules. Because image information is obtained via the patch electrode it can be used to position the pipette onto a cell with nanometer precision. This same pipette is then used to make the patch-clamp recording. In this method the nanopipette is first scanned over a cell surface, using current feedback, to obtain a high-resolution topographic image. The scanning patch-clamp technique combines scanning ion conductance microscopy and patch-clamp recording through a single glass nanopipette probe. We have developed a scanning patch-clamp technique that facilitates single-channel recording from small cells and submicron cellular structures that are inaccessible by conventional methods.
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